How to Easily Write Better Emails

How to Easily Write Better Emails Short for electronic mail, email is defined as the forwarding of digital messages across communication networks. Email operates across computer networks or the Internet. The messages are exchanged between a sender and one or more recipients. Nearly all email networks use an internet portal.Overwhelmingly, email systems have gateways to other computer networks, enabling users to forward email to any other online computer in the world. The sender and recipient do not need to be online at the same time. The emails are stored on servers and forwarded from there to the recipient.Composing emails that are concise and succinct will reduce the time devoted to email and make one more productive. By keeping emails short, one devotes less effort and thus more time is available for other work. However, writing is a skill, and like any skill, one has to practice. A clear email should always have a clear purpose. The less one includes in an email, the better.It is a good idea to practice the ‘on e thing’ rule, which means making each email sent about one subject only. If you need to consult regarding another subject or topic or assignment, discuss it in another separate mail. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comIn this article, you will learn about 1) types of emails, 2) how people typically deal with emails, 3) when an email is appropriate and when it is not, 4) parts of an email, 5) the art of writing a good email, and 6) a conclusion.TYPES OF EMAILSThere are many different types of emails and these include the following:Personal: This is email which is sent or received and includes personal details. It may be from family, friends, and so on, but it’s specifically personal and not related to a job or commercial activity. It may be sent by an employee using an employers network, but would be of no business purpose. A business email address and a personal email address are generally quite different.Official: An official email is sent from, or by, an authorized department of government, an agency, an international organization or a business or commercial entity. It usually will have some clear indication that it’s official; a certifying cachet, a return address or other identity type, indicating the sender.Marketing: Broadly, all emails sent to a possible or current customer may be defined as marketing emails. This generally involves utilizing an email to send adverts, request one’s business, or solicit donations or sales, in an attempt to build trust, loyalty, and brand awareness.Notification: Notification emails are also called trigger, alert, or auto-respond emails. They enable the user to be notified every time a particular event occurs (or has occurred). Usually, notifications are used to celebrate and/or mark an event.Transactional: This is an email sent to an individual on a personal basis, generally as a result of an action they have made (e.g. a purchase, or a shipping update). Transactional emails also invite one back to a web service after an inactive period, or encourage one to purchase items remaining in a shopping cart.Spam: Spam, also called junk mail or unsolicited bulk mail, involves sending nearly identical mess ages to numerous receivers. Messages may include links which appear to be familiar websites, but are disguised and can lead to phishing sites or webpages hosting malware. Spam may also include malware as a script or another executable file attachment. Beware of spam.HOW PEOPLE TYPICALLY DEAL WITH EMAILSIt is imperative for you to understand how people deal with emails, if you wish to write emails that are effective and will be read. Whether messages from work, or personal or marketing messages, an average office worker gets about 80 emails daily. It can be overwhelming to attend to so many emails each day. Most savvy users can and will filter all mails into basic categories for easier handling. Here is how a person may typically handle the emails they receive:For useless emails, do not read or reply. Put it in the recycle bin. Delete.To File. Including tax receipts, great email examples, or info for another project. It may be useful to put these in individual folders for easy access , but don’t have too many folders as it may cause confusion.Optional response. No need to respond, but would be courteous to do so.Spare time reading. Would be nice to read, but not essential. Practice filing as many emails as possible in this category.Respond today. Either respond immediately, or at the end of the workday.Requires action. Must read but no need to take action immediately. Can go into the will respond later file. This is typically mails from your broker, lawyer, tax consultant or boss, etc. Distance creates perspective. File in a folder named the day you wish to respond.WHEN AN EMAIL IS APPROPRIATE AND WHEN IT IS NOTIt is not always appropriate to write emails. There is a protocol that needs to be followed at times.Emails are appropriate whenYou need to get in touch or communicate with a person who cannot be reached via telephone, or lives abroad or is visiting another country and the difference in time zone makes it difficult to talk to the person.It is not import ant to get an immediate response for your queries. The communication is not time bound and you can wait a few hours or days to receive a reply.You need to send some attachments digitally such as an image, a document, or a spreadsheet. It is easier and quicker to send it via email than via post.You need to pass on the same information to many different people.You wish to keep a record of the messages being exchanged for some purpose. They are easy to save and retrieve and can be extended as proof or references in case of a misunderstanding or you wish to refer to something.Emails are not appropriate whenA message is long and complicated or requires further discussion that would best be undertaken face-to-face.Information is confidential. Email is NEVER safe! Bear in mind that a message can be sent to others without one’s knowledge.A message is emotionally charged or its tone could be misinterpreted.PARTS OF AN EMAILYou need to know the various parts of an email to effectively use e ach one to push your message. There are three distinct parts of any email. These include the message envelope, the header, and the body.The header contains information regarding the origins of the email, the email address and address of the sender and the system from where the mail originated.Sender’s Address Establishes sender’s identity and/or corporate affiliation. Even if the sender and the recipient of an email have met previously, it may be prudent if you were to include your business details and designation in your signature to remind the recipient of you and your business.Recipient’s Address The Recipient is the person you are sending email to. One needs enter their email address in the To, Cc, or Bcc field. Cc is short for carbon copy. The long version of Bcc is blind carbon copy, i.e., nobody can see who is addressed in Bcc.Subject Line This generally conveys the point of the email or the gist that you wish a reader to understand from the email. Be as specific as possible.Date and Time Displays this information when an email is sent or received in one’s inbox.Subject Matter A newspaper headline has two functions: to grab one’s attention,and to act as a summary. An email message should do the same thing.Greeting/Beginning Always begin with a greeting. It is important that you address the recipient with a greeting of some sort. You cannot begin your email without addressing and greeting in some way or the other. While closing, you need to close off with a signature. It could be a good-bye, or a thank you or some other such sign off to conclude the mail.Message/Middle This is the crux of an email. The important thing to remember is to give all recipients the information they require to take the action you may be requesting. This includes explaining the context, details, or data that’s necessary, and presenting it in a logical, understandable way.Closing/End Instead of summarizing what has already been stated, finish an email with ac tion steps. If you wish to ask for an appointment, give a tentative time and a date. If you’re getting project input, remind a colleague exactly what the projectAttachments An email attachment is a file sent along with an email. One or more files may be attached to any email message, and this is a simple method to share images and documents. A paper clip image is the usual icon image for an attachment in an email.THE ART OF WRITING A GOOD EMAILEmails could take up a large chunk of one’s day and they are useful, however they can also be abused and a distraction to productivity. Before sending an email, step back and answer some questions.What is my point in this email?What is my purpose?Am I summarizing a discussion, asking for action, or reporting progress?Answering honestly enables one to create effective emails when writing them. Consider the following:Number of emails an average person has to deal with each day.You may be overloaded with emails daily, and despite good intent ions, may end up ignoring a great percentage of them. Too many emails get lost, for they have no purpose. If there’s no purpose, it’s not an effective email. If you are asking for action but haven’t made it clear, responses may not come.What you wish to accomplish with your email.Email is great if one needs something written down, or if action is necessary. Rather than email, could you call the person for a discussion and not email them? Often a 10-minute call is as beneficial and more efficient, than several emails. Either calling or a face-to-face conversation is often preferable to email in so many instances.Who is being targeted? A stranger or acquaintance?What do you wish an audience to believe or presume about you?What kind of impact do you wish to generate?Making assumptions about an audience’s expectations increases the risk that a message or its tone will be misunderstood. To ensure that a message has the intended result, try the following questions to help narrow t he target audience and their requirements:Who is the audience?How often does the audience use email to communicate?How comfortable is the audience with using electronic mail, e.g., when did they begin using email (childhood or adulthood)?Your boss? A stranger? A friend?What is the audience’s relationship to you, e.g. is the recipient your professor?How well do you know him or her?How do you talk to them in a social scenario?Impact of the email on the receiver â€" read or not, comprehending, annoying, time-consuming.Say what you need to say immediately, preferably in the subject line or first sentence. There is no need for rambling or long stories in the electronic mail realm. Say it once. Keep it short.Receiver’s perspective.With the amount of bad emails received daily, people really do observe the difference when a good one arrives in the inbox. This could be the difference between being ignored and getting what you wish.Sender’s perspective.Email must be easy to read and con vey meaning as quickly as possible. Even if your prose is mellifluent, the receiver may not be keen to read it. Keep sentences short and simple and do not write an email if you are angry, it will reflect.Writing a Good EmailEngaging subject line Label emails correctly. A subject line helps ensure an email recipient will read it and not disregard it as junk or spam. A meaningful subject saves effort as the recipient can grasp the gist quickly.Mention the subject clearly and make the request of the email very clear Briefly state the purpose for writing the email at the beginning of any message.Follow KISS (keep it simple, stupid) and be to the point Mirror your  Correspondent. If you receive a single sentence answer to a several paragraph message, pay attention. Especially if the correspondent is a superior or a person whose business you are trying to win, make an effort to match their style and tone.Brevity is best You need to be as brief as possible while writing emails. No one likes to read long mails, especially from strangers. Be clear and to the point. If you are not clear in your writing or have not organized your communication well, there is scope for misunderstanding and the purpose of your sending the mail could be undermined. Hence, think well before you write.Be personal Some emails will need personal attention. So spend time on those and try to provide value. This will help you get the attention of your recipient and will send a message that you care about the people who you send the messages to. Ensure that you have an email signature at the end of your mail. This will help people to contact you easily. It should contain your mailing address and phone numbers.Be restrained When emotions rise, slow down. If you receive a rude email, the best advice is to ignore it. Emotions can escalate quickly in email exchanges. Just delete the message. Chances are the sender will think better and write another, polite version.Be polite mind the tone You n eed to pay attention to the tone of your message. Be careful about the words you use and in what context. Since there is no visual or audio contact to support your tone, if the words are not used carefully, there is scope for misreading the message and misunderstanding it. WRITING AN EMAIL IN CAPITAL letters, is impolite as it is difficult for the receiver to read and the receiver will definitely be annoyed, if not offended. It is also interpreted as shouting in the digital world.Pay attention to details like grammar and format Generally, good writing and efficient communication is not an easy task, and can be time-consuming. It takes time to formulate thoughts, to assess what to say, and to write a message in a succinct fashion. Do not try to decorate an email with lots of colors and formatting. As a general rule, use black text against a white background.Proofread Once you have typed an email, you shouldn’t simply send it off, always check an email at least once. Check for bas ic spelling and grammar mistakes, also name spellings, events referred to, or dates mentioned. Consider the tone of the email. Do not go overboard with being too friendly or too businesslike.No attachments Forgo unnecessary attachments. The number of emails that clog an inbox with attachments containing flowered borders and fancy signatures is unnecessary. If sending attachments, size is a concern. Attachments quickly add up and can bulk up the size of the inbox.Use proper names If possible, address a recipient by name. If you dont know the name, look it up. Try to do your best to find out the name of the recipient. Always close with a greeting and a full signature which includes your business name and designation.Pay attention to aesthetics It is important that your email is formatted properly and the information is presented in an easy to read format. This means use of short sentences, short paragraphs, bullet lists, and most importantly short messages that are to the point and relevant to the topic. Do not digress from the email topic at all. Have a proper introduction, middle and end to your emails.CONCLUSIONEmails have not been around too long and the basic emailing etiquettes are still being developed. It may be a while before all of it is in place. But following the same etiquettes as for post mail will help you deal with most emails. People have different perspectives about communicating through emails and this can lead to considerable misunderstandings between sender and recipient. In addition, an email may be sent for several different reasons, which may include such things as keeping in touch with loved ones and friends, asking for information, or requesting an appointment or reserving a place.All emails are not the same and shouldn’t be treated the same. Each sent email will take its tone from the purpose for which it is being written, the person you are sending it to and the outcome you wish to have. Emails that have become a nuisance for som e people are the unsolicited marketing emails that sell, advertise or offer products you do not want or need. Such emails, sent to hundreds of people each day, clog up the recipient’s inbox and are irritating. Most of the time they are filtered out, marked as spam and placed in the spam folder. It is a challenge for most writers to create emails that will not be marked as spam and will reach the intended audience. Before you send an email, give a thought to the email and what it contains. What would be the consequences if it got into the wrong hands? Such things are not impossible and do happen. This is a good and final check to make sure that your emails sound respectful, professional and ultimately represent how you wish to be portrayed to the world.Each person has a different perspective on email. While some people may take emails as an informal medium of communication, others may not think so. They may view email as simply a more expedient way to communicate an official messag e or communication. Sending an informal email to such people is courting trouble as they may interpret your email as being inappropriate and offensive. Whatever you are writing and sending, retain a sensitivity regarding the above, and all should go well with your electronic mailing. You have to be aware of the personal preferences of each person to whom you are sending an email. When there is some doubt, you should always go the formal way.

The Second Division Of Philosophy - 1017 Words

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The Biology of Learning and Memory Flashcards - 666 Words

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Critical Analysis Public Corruption Free Essays

Corruption is a problem dealing with economic and social structure of a nation across the globe. Corruption in politics is a public sector phenomenon and is nonetheless one of the central issues facing many nations in modern times. Dealing with both legal and ethical considerations, there are instances that the office or duties are being betrayed in exchange of selfish benefits. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis: Public Corruption or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout history, failure of the remedies applied to it largely impacted the socio-economic development of the nation. It is good to analyze what motivates corruption, how its different varieties are perceived, what does it serve and what can be done to minimize or even eradicate this. Attitudes towards position and obligations remained to be the prime factors that motivate public personnel to be do corrupt actions. In high level and low level of corruption, the use of public office whether it is a high official or a clerk were initiated with the use of authority giving favors due to self interests that need to be met. For example, alliance in politics servicing an electoral candidate’s campaign if perceived as a power of assuring victory in the electoral process will result not just to gratitude but to a subtle obligation for paying back in terms of influential favors since being a candidate in election required allotment of non profitable amount of money. This can also be applied with clerks who have the ability to give favor in exchange of bribes. This is possible when we consider the low compensation of government employees that in order to survive, or earn more money, they will choose to accept the bribe (U Myint. 2000. p. 40-41) We can have in mind that hard times and great stress will make corrupt people. As we can notice with the way situations are determining the attitude of an individual, we can say that corruption is a form merely not of political choice but of economic choice and if we are talking about economic variables, we should not forget that market will always play its role and price is which will matter most in dealing with it. It remained one of the highly considered points of view in analyzing corrupt acts, but this economic perception applied in high level of corruption revealed that it is incomplete and has discrepancies for there are actual motives beyond such as the immeasurable power of discipline. With the extent of corruption’s effects in the society and with its length of stay in the history of policy making, there can be notions that corruption is becoming part of the culture or that corruption is a culture itself. But any act and practices suggesting lame authority has no space in an ideal society thus making them nuisance and should be acted to totally remove them in the social system. The attitude towards the use of authority apparently needs to be addressed in post conventional manner to keep it on track of servicing solely the public interests. All collective actions done by people in the social group defined and established the culture and if a portion of culture is no longer servicing its functions there should be a way that it can be destroyed and make changes to adopt in better situations. Political planning must address the issue with high authoritative will paired with the sensitivity with the root causes of it. How to cite Critical Analysis: Public Corruption, Papers

Way Christian Counselors Approach Integration. free essay sample

Do attachment disorders have significant affect on the lives of adopted children? Some studies have linked the possible development of psychiatric disorders with insure attachment. What are the treatments and are the treatments effective? Will the adopted child gain the ability to trust or even love the adoptive parents? As we will soon discover, attachment disorder is more complex than the general public would ever consider. All adopted children suffer from type of attachment disorder. The most severe of the attachment disorder RAD (Reactive Attachment Disorder) is extremely challenging for the child and the adoptive family. The misdiagnosis of RAD delays treatment; early treatment is essential for these children. Lacher, Nichols, and May gives options on facilitating attachments in RAD clients through the stories of other children with RAD. We will explore the varying types of attachment disorder, treatment methods, and the effectiveness of the treatment. Introduction: The subject of Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children is personal for me. We will write a custom essay sample on Way Christian Counselors Approach Integration. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My inability to conceive, along with my desire to be a mother, prompted my husband and me to explore adoption. As I briefly research this disorder, I will attempt to simplify the psychological/scientific data in order for a prospective adoptive parent to understand. The state in which we resided at that time played on my emotional state. During this Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children2 time, my husband had a 17 year-old son from a previous marriage; therefore he was more objective than was I. My husband and I were never introduced to infants, even though we knew there were infants in the state system. We even met a couple who was given an infant only to find out that she had a relative who was a social worker for the agency. Believing there was no hope of getting an infant, my husband and I brought home a 9 year-old girl. One year later we were asked to bring in 18 month old twin boys as an emergency placement. After exploring the types of attachment disorders, treatments, and effectiveness of treatment, the prospective adoptive parent will have the information needed in order to make an informed decision. The information obtained in this presentation would have been extremely beneficial for us. We were made aware of her attachment disorder but no one explained it in detail. Our concept of attachment disorder at that time was that she had an issue forming some emotional ties. To my dismay, the attachment disorder she had was more intense. After approximately three years of caring for this child and not observing any signs of bonding from her, we relinquished our parental rights. I thought I would help her recover because I loved her. And as I believed, love would be enough. She was known in the city as a runaway and would get in the automobiles of anyone who would stop and talk with her. We relinquished our rights in order to protect her; this was my final act as a mother to this child. The relinquishing of parental rights came with several emotions, even though this child had not bonding with us, we bonding with her. We experienced loss, anger, and confusion; in other words we went through the grieving Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children3 process. With extra training and social workers explaining attachment disorder in detail, the placement would have had a better chance of survival. We had the twins for five and one half years with plans to adopt. The biological mother’s rights were terminated but not the biological father who is current serving time in the state penitentiary system. The twins have never met the biological father; he was imprisoned shortly after their birth. Our boys are away from us currently, but we are trusting God for the return of our sons. According to The Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary (11th edition), attachment is the state of being personally attached (permanently fixed): fidelity: affectionate regard. Also, disorder is to disturb the regular or normal functions of. Therefore, attachment disorder is the disturbance of regular or normal functions of affectionate regards. As mentioned in the introduction, this definition is accepted by the laity and is not the full concept of the disorder. In all actuality attachment disorder is more complex than the aforementioned definition would portray. Attachment disorders can be observed in every stage of life; for this document we will focus on its effect on children (infants to pre-adolescents). Development of attachment during infancy/toddlers years is important in developing social interactions as the child journeys through life. When children experience attachment to a given person, they feel pleasure when they are with them and feel comfort by their presence in the times of distress. † (Feldman, 2010, page 179. Attachment disorder is more complicated than mere emotional ties. Attachment disorder is also influenced by the environment (thoughts and ideas). An example of Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children4 environmental influences is Christianity or secularism. The child may not have emotional ties to Christianity but the child has been exposed to this information in the home environment. An example of either prolonged experiences of mother-child separation or deprivation of maternal care (lack of attachment) was common among adolescents who had a history of stealingthis was also known as â€Å"affectionless† (Bowlby, 1944). There are three stages that an infant goes through related to attachment disruption: protest, despair, and detachment. Parental response to infant’s basic needs influences the infant’s attachment style. Sensitivity of the parent leads to a secure attachment; lack of sensitivity yields insecure attachment. Causes of Attachment Disorder What are the causes of attachment disorders? Attachment disorder occurs for many reasons. The primary cause is the inability of the child to consistently connect due to varying factors. Some factors which disrupt a connection are: (1) A baby’s immediate needs (hungry, wet, etc. ) are not attended to for hours. (2) No interaction (no one looks at child, talks to, etc. ), so the baby feels alone (3) Young child gets attention (positive or negative) only by acting out or displaying extreme behavior (4) Mistreatment of or abuse of child (5) A child is moved from one caregiver to another (due to loss of parent, foster Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children5 are or adoption). Help Guide. org Types of Attachment Disorders What are the types of attachment disorders? Avoidant, Anxious/Ambivalent, Disorganized and Reactive are a few. All of these disorders will have an affect on future relationships. Avoidant attachment occurs when children protect themselves by rejecting attachment. When a child does not trust the present attac hment this is known as anxious/ambivalent attachment. Disorganized attachment is difficult to understand by the child may move very rapidly between extreme closeness and extreme distance. Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) is a severe form of insecure divided into two categories: Inhibited (emotionally withdrawn) and disinhibited (overly sociable with strangers, indiscriminately seeks affection and comfort. Signs and Symptoms What are some of the signs and symptoms of attachment disorders? In infants attachment disorders can be exhibited in avoiding eye contact, doesn’t smile, isn’t interested in playing, displays a lack of interest upon return of the caregiver, and doesn’t reach to be picked up. Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children6 Signs and symptoms of RAD (reactive attachment disorder) are for inhibitedextremely withdrawn, emotionally detached, acts out in aggression when other try to get close. Disinhibitedprefer other adults over parent figure even strangers, seek comfort from anyone, acts much younger than chronological age and appears chronically anxious. Most children with RAD are misdiagnosed. These children are given diagnosis of attachment disorder, defiant disorder, depression, ADHD to name a few. RAD clients may experience a myriad of symptom exhibited from numerous disorders as above. Self mutilation and self-defeating acts are prevalent (Lyon-Ruth, 1996). Lack of empathy, pathological lying, and professional manipulation are also characteristics of RAD. These three issues are the leading cause of failed placement. Affection is governed at the discretion of the child. The children react on the extreme polar ends (clinging to total avoidance). Treatment There are various methods of treatment. Treatments involve attachment parenting (Babywise), various conceptual therapies, physical concept (re-birthing), neurofeedback therapy, and other counseling methods. Babywise Parenting claims that parents can establish a rountine in their baby’s life from day one and stick to it no matter what. Parent-Directed Feeding (PDF) is an infant-management strategy designed to meet the nutritional, physical, and emotional needs of the baby as well as the needs of the whole Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children7 family (Ezzo and Buckman, 1995, page 38). Two related dangers threaten successful parenting: not understanding the significance of the husband-wife relationship in the parenting process and the hazard of child-centered parenting (Ezzo and Buckman, 1995, page 19). A conceptual therapy includes but is not limited to; a family service plan. A family service plan model phases with measurable goals. An example of the family service plan is phase one: ensure the safety of the child, increase feelings of trust for all involved family members, and immediately stabilize outburst; phase two: establish and maintain boundaries; phase three: develop cohesive relationship with home and school. With everyone actively participating in the therapy the child has a better chance of establishing an attachment. Re-birth has been used as a physical concept therapy. Re-birth is the physical reenactment of birth. Candace Newmaker (10 year old) suffocated during a re-birth treatment carried out by her therapist. Neurofeedback is using EEG’s to detect brain wave patterns along with a reward system to reduce some neurological occurrences (seizures, ADHD, etc. ). Psychologist Laurence Hirshberg reflecting on a treatment stated, â€Å"You take a child with RAD who struggled for years with expressing any feeling of warmth and affection. You do five or six (neurofeedback) session, and suddenly, the parents report, ‘O my God, he’s showing warmth and affection. ’ He sits next to them on the couch, he smiles. One model for treatment is early diagnosis, placement in a secure environment, specialized parenting training, family functioning and coping skills and working with the child and family in a natural environment and less in client environment. The most significant application in a successful outcome is quality Attachment Disorders of Adopted Children8 training of the adoptive parents. The parents must be â€Å"thick skinned† which means unshakable or immovable. Above love, the family must have an insurmountable amount of patience. Essentially, these parents will be coming non-professional expert therapist.

The Atomic Bomb Essays (2385 words) - Actinides, Radioactivity

The Atomic Bomb By Douglas Thornton BOOM! The first detonation of an atomic bomb was on July 16,1945 on Hiroshima, Japan . That was one of the reasons why I picked this topic. Another reason was that there is lots of information on the atomic bomb out there and the last reason is I wanted to know why the atomic bomb has great explosive power. The main part of an atomic bomb is of course an atom. So that is what I'm going to say first. The Atom Atoms are everything. It is your paper, your house, your clothes, and everything else. Atoms is the smallest thing on earth. You can fit a million atoms in about the width of a piece of paper. You can't see them with the naked eye or with the best microscope in the world. The sciencists use theories and tests to know that they are there. Atoms are made up of three things; electrons, proton(s),and neutrons. If you combined proton(s) and neutrons you get the nucleus of the atom. Then the nucleus is surrounded by a shell. That shell is made by an electron(s) spinning around the nucleus so fast it makes that shell. Each shell can only hold a certain amount of electrons, this graph will show you that. * The proton is positivtly charged while neutrons have no charge. The proton attracts the electron. This pull causes the whirling of electrons which creates the shell.Most of an atom is empty space( the empty space is between the nucleus and the electrons). Neutrons are just slightly larger than protons. An electron is small. It's about 1/1836 of a proton or a neutron.In every atom there is always the same number of protons and electrons. The Atomic Bomb Now, what is an atom bomb? The Atomic Bomb is a weapon of mass destruction. It does that by a quick release of splitting or fission of a nucleus of a heavy element like uranium and plutonium. They send a neutron to strike a nucleus of the isotopes( means the name given to an atom that has acquired or lost one or more neutrons from it's nucleus.The atoms structure is relatively the same, but the added or subtracted weight may cause the atom to have new properties such as being fissionable) uranium-235 or plutonuim-239. Then the nucleus splits into two halves. Each half of the nucleus has about the same amount of neutrons and protons. When the nucleus splits a great deal of thermal energy and gamma rays and two or more neutron are given off. Under some conditions those neutrons that were released come back and strike again. Then you two split halves of a nucleus. Then they give off the same thing and the neutrons come back and strike again, and again. This chain reaction results in which almost all the fissionable material is blown up. This cause the great explosion. All isotopes of uranium are fissionable, but uranium-235 is better than uranium-238 because it goes under fission quicker and gives off more neutrons per fission than Uranuim-238 or any other isotopes of uranium. plutonium-239 has the same characteristics of uranium-239. Both uranium-235 and plutonium-239 are used in the atomic bomb. If you use a small amount say .45 kg(1 lb) of uranium-235 or plutonium-239 it can't under go the chain reaction that is needed and is called subcritical. It can't undergo the chain reaction because the average of the neutrons released by the fission are likely not to hit another nucleus. Then if more of uranium-239 or plutonium-239 is added there is a higher percentage of neutrons hitting the nucleus. At the point when critical mass has been acomblished, and a chain reaction the explosion will be created. All subcritical fissionable material must be brought up to critical state extremely quick. One way to do that is to take two subcitical masses together at one point. When you combined those two subcritical masses you will achieve critical mass. How you do it is you use two high explosives to shoot the subcrital masses of fissionable material together in a hollow tube. The second way is to use an implosion, which instead of blow up outward it blows up inward, by which the core of fissionable

Free Essays on Great Depression

The Great Depression and the New Deal. In 1932 almost 1500 banks failed, 32,00 businesses closed their doors and one-fourth of the labor force in the United States was unemployed. In that same year Franklin Delanore Roosevelt was elected president. He took office in 1933 with the economy and the nation in a severe depression. For the first three years of the Great Depression the government did very little to help the economy to recover. This all changed when FDR and his democratic administration took control. This administration initiated the "New Deal." This program brought together the federal and the state governments. The states received federal grants, which provided funding for such programs as public works projects, housing assistance, aid to families with dependent children, unemployment compensation and many other programs. These programs helped to eventually pull the economy and the nation out of the Great Depression. The main question is why the democratic administration and FDR felt these programs would work, and why they felt such a dramatic change in the role of the government was needed. For the answer we must turn to an economist by the name of John Maynard Keynes. He developed an economic theory that said that the forces of supply and demand operated to slowly in a serious recession, and the federal government should step in and help stimulate the economy. This theory became known as Keynesian Economics. In terms of the Great Depression the economy was at a serious imbalance because the public sector was saving more than usual and the business sector was not investing at a typical level. Therefore the government needed to step on and stimulate the economy. This stimulation was seen in the actions of the government in the "New Deal." Slowly but surely the steps taken by the government pulled the nation's economy out of the recession it faced for so many years. Fran... Free Essays on Great Depression Free Essays on Great Depression Great Depression was during 1929 through 1939. It was one of the hardest time people had gone through. There wasn’t money like there is now or transportation. I interviewed six different people on the day of 1-13-00. I learned many things; such as how there wasn’t food, money, clothing, transportation, and many other things during the time of the depression. I’m going to tell you stories I heard also my feeling on things. On the day of January 1st of 2000, I had gone to a nursing home by the name of Millers Mary Manor located on route 6 in Lake Station. There I had interviewed many different people: The fist one I’m going to tell you about was a man who went by the name Nicholas Georgeif. His age wasn’t spoken of. He was a teenager during the depression. His father worked on the farm as he attended school during the day. After school him and his sisters and brothers had helped on the farm. Back then money was tight you worked for a dollar a day or seventy-five cents to round up a heard of cattle. He served in the military for four years and two months. He didn’t talk much of how it was or had effected him during the time. He then became interested in photography and bought his first camera for a dollar. He told us how he remembered Franklin Roosevelt had put together a WPA it was a workers writers project. Roosevelt had gave those who didn’t have jobs a job on the WPA, they worked on highways and roads for around a dollar a day. Also Nicholas stated how he (Roosevelt) put together CC camps. Which is civilian conversational corps, for children to st ay of the streets and out of trouble. After Nicholas had been out of the military he became a photographer for a living. He also had taken pictures of Albert Einstein. To make a long story short†¦ He wasn’t shy back then. He walked up to Einstein’s door and stated who he was and wanted to take a picture of him. It went from there†¦ He had taken the picture met his wi... Free Essays on Great Depression The Great Depression and the New Deal. In 1932 almost 1500 banks failed, 32,00 businesses closed their doors and one-fourth of the labor force in the United States was unemployed. In that same year Franklin Delanore Roosevelt was elected president. He took office in 1933 with the economy and the nation in a severe depression. For the first three years of the Great Depression the government did very little to help the economy to recover. This all changed when FDR and his democratic administration took control. This administration initiated the "New Deal." This program brought together the federal and the state governments. The states received federal grants, which provided funding for such programs as public works projects, housing assistance, aid to families with dependent children, unemployment compensation and many other programs. These programs helped to eventually pull the economy and the nation out of the Great Depression. The main question is why the democratic administration and FDR felt these programs would work, and why they felt such a dramatic change in the role of the government was needed. For the answer we must turn to an economist by the name of John Maynard Keynes. He developed an economic theory that said that the forces of supply and demand operated to slowly in a serious recession, and the federal government should step in and help stimulate the economy. This theory became known as Keynesian Economics. In terms of the Great Depression the economy was at a serious imbalance because the public sector was saving more than usual and the business sector was not investing at a typical level. Therefore the government needed to step on and stimulate the economy. This stimulation was seen in the actions of the government in the "New Deal." Slowly but surely the steps taken by the government pulled the nation's economy out of the recession it faced for so many years. Fran... Free Essays on Great Depression Could the Great Depression of the mid 1920’s to late 1930’s have been prevented? Could we have prevented laying off 1/3 of the labor force and make people beg for minimum wage jobs during the 1930’s? Could we have prevented people panic selling their stalks in October of 1929 when the stalk market crashed? Could it be blamed on economic problems brought to us by WW1? I believe that the Great Depression could have been prevented and I have the answers to these questions and more in the following paragraphs. Many people prospered in the 1920’s but many did not. Prosperity was unequally shared the wealthy got wealthier and the poor got poorer. If you were rich you were rich that’s it, but if you were poor you were either a laborer or a farmer. However it wasn’t going to stay that way forever, on October 24,1929 people suddenly started selling there stalks. Over 12 million in stalks were lost on one day but New York bankers held the market. Five days later October 29, 1929 the market crashed again this time for good loosing over $30 billion was lost people named the day black Tuesday. The solution to this problem would have been very simple if the government at the time had any common sense at. All they would have to do is what the government following up the September 11, 2001 event did when everyone started to panic sell their stocks the president rallied all the head honchos of the country and made them make some sort of public message telling the people its ok we d on’t need to panic sell our stocks there is nothing bad going to happen you don’t need to sell your stalks.... Free Essays on Great Depression Great Depression in the United States, worst and longest economic collapse in the history of the modern industrial world, lasting from the end of 1929 until the early 1940s. Beginning in the United States, the depression spread to most of the world’s industrial countries, which in the 20th century had become economically dependent on one another. The Great Depression saw rapid declines in the production and sale of goods and a sudden, severe rise in unemployment. Businesses and banks closed their doors, people lost their jobs, homes, and savings, and many depended on charity to survive. In 1933, at the worst point in the depression, more than 15 million Americans- one-quarter of the nation’s workforce- were unemployed. The depression was caused by a number of serious weaknesses in the economy. Although the 1920s appeared on the surface to be a prosperous time, income was unevenly distributed. The wealthy made large profits, but more and more Americans spent more than they earned, and farmers faced low prices and heavy debt. The lingering effects of World War I (1914-1918) caused economic problems in many countries, as Europe struggled to pay war debts and reparations. These problems contributed to the crisis that began the Great Depression: the disastrous U.S. stock market crash of 1929, which ruined thousands of investors and destroyed confidence in the economy. Continuing throughout the 1930s, the depression ended in the United States only when massive spending for World War II began. The depression produced lasting effects on the United States that are still apparent more than half a century after it ended. It led to the election of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who created the programs known as the New Deal to overcome the effects of the Great Depression. These programs expanded government intervention into new areas of social and economic concerns and created social-assistance measures on the national level. The Grea... Free Essays on Great Depression In U.S. history, the severe economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S. stock-market crash of 1929. Although it shared the basic characteristics of other such crises. The Great Depression was unprecedented in its length and in the wholesale poverty and tragedy it inflicted on society. Economists have disagreed over its causes, but certain causative factors are generally accepted. The prosperity of the 1920s was unevenly distributed among the various parts of the American economy farmers and unskilled workers were notably excluded with the result that the nation's productive capacity was greater than its capacity to consume. In addition, the tariff and war-debt policies of the Republican administrations of the 1920s had cut down the foreign market for American goods. Finally, easy-money policies led to an inordinate expansion of credit and installment buying and fantastic speculation in the stock market. The American depression produced severe effects abroad, especially in Europe, where many countries had not fully recovered from the aftermath of World War I; in Germany, the economic disaster and resulting social dislocation contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler. In the United States, at the depth (1932-33) of the depression, there were 16 million unemployed about one third of the available labor force. The gross national product declined from the 1929 figure of $103,828,000,000 to $55,760,000,000 in 1933. The economic, agricultural, and relief policies of the New Deal administration under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt did a great deal to mitigate the effects of the depression and, most importantly, to restore a sense of confidence to the American people. Yet it is generally agreed that complete business recovery was not achieved and unemployment ended until the government began to spend heavily for defense in the early 1940s.... Free Essays on Great Depression The Great Depression was the worst economic decline ever in U.S. history. It began in late 1929 and lasted about a decade. Throughout the 1920’s, many factors played a role in bringing about the depression; the main causes were the unequal distribution of wealth and extensive stock market speculation. Money was distributed unequally between the rich and the middle-class, between industry and agriculture within the United States, and between the U.S. and Europe. This disproportion of wealth created an unstable economy. Before the Great Depression, the "roaring twenties" was an era during which the United States prospered tremendously. The nation's total income rose from $74.3 billion in 1923 to $89 billion in 1929. However, the rewards of the "Coolidge Prosperity" of the 1920's were not shared evenly among all Americans. In 1929, the top 0.1 percentage of Americans had a combined income equal to the bottom 42%. That same top 0.1 percentage of Americans in 1929 controlled 34% of all savings, while 80% of Americans had no savings at all. Automotive industry tycoon Henry Ford provides an example of the unequal distribution of wealth between the rich and the middle-class. Henry Ford reported a personal income of $14 million in the same year that the average personal income was $750. This poor distribution of income between the rich and the middle class grew throughout the 1920's. While the disposable income per capita rose 9% from 1920 to 1929, those with income within the top 1-percentage enjoyed an extraordinary 75% increase in per capita disposable income. These market crashes, combined with the poor distribution of wealth, caused the American economy to overturn. Increased manufacturing output throughout this period created this large and growing gap between the rich and the working class. From 1923-1929, the average output per worker increased 32% in manufacturing. During that same period of time average wages for manu...