Deli Depot Fast Food Restaurants Strategy

Deli Depot Fast Food Restaurants Strategy Executive Summary Deli depot is a chain of fast food restaurants and experiencing some difficulties in penetrating the market. Losses have been recorded in the past financial year, all being attributed to poor marketing strategies, sub-standard services offered and poor pricing of the food amongst other factors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Deli Depot Fast Food Restaurants Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is need to strategise on how the business can be accepted within its area of operation and this can be improved by increasing the depot’s reputation within the specific competitive environment. The business should make more use of the media to improve on its publicity and also improve on the quality of its services. Introduction Market research refers to the process where there is systematic gathering of reports about consumers, competitors and the market after which they are analyzed to pr oduce the expected results. The research always help in doing various things such as launching new product or service, improving on the existing products and services and expansion of new markets. It is also used for identifying the potential places where a particular product can do well. This is usually generated on the basis of age, gender, location and most importantly the level of income (Hair et al, 2008). Market research consequently helps companies when it comes to decision making on development issues and new products, it basically represents the consumer in relation to the company’s products. It is used by business owners in day to day basis. It is used basically to find sellers and in making crucial business decisions. It is used to find out the need of the market and whether the items already in sale need some modifications to meet the market requirements and vice versa. The goal here is to come up with the best approach that can help in the process of acquiring, d istributing and supporting supplies and services (Hair et al, 2008). Market research plan Methodology Defining the research problem The Deli depot recorded a loss in the past financial year; the business has increasingly lost customers from far distances and also experienced low sales. The business wants to set out programs that will enable it cut down on expenses and at the same time increase the volume of the sales in all their centres of operation. The business needs some strategies on how to overcome the competition posed by other related business in the market.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Objectives To improve on the sales of the business hence increasing the profit margin To strategise on how to take over the market from other competitors To come up with a good team of employees with the right attitude towards the business. Research Design The descript ive research was used where the consumers were approached to answer some questions concerning the business and the market. Research questionnaires were used both structured and un-structured to obtain the primary data. Collecting and analyzing data The raw data was collected from the questionnaires distributed to 150 respondents, was verified, corded, tabulated and then recorded on the excel sheet for analysis. Results SECTION 1 1 = Strongly disagre 10 = Strongly Agree Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 MODE 4 8 4 5 7 AVERAGE 5 7 4 3 6 SECTION 2 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 MODE 3 5 3 5 2 2 3 AVERAGE 2 5 4 6 1 1 2 SECTION 3 6 = Most Important Reason 1 = Least Important Reason Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 MODE 0 5 4 1 2 AVERAGE 0 4 5 1 2 Gender 0 – female 1- male Statistical Analysis Findings covering analysis of the Market research plan The amount of money spent on marketing the business reduced in 2007. The new shopping centre recorded a loss despite high sales in 2 007. The customers streamed in during the massive advertisements on the launching date then suddenly the number went down, this was due to poor marketing strategy, Deli Deport has used the same brand and methods for fairly a long time.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Deli Depot Fast Food Restaurants Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is need for change in advertisements to match the current taste of the generation (Hair et al, 2008). According to the questionnaires the public revealed that there has been a drop in the quality of interaction between employees and the customers. The food prices are not that affordable to most consumers. The employees have been competent enough in their service and have offered the customers satisfactory quality food. The depot has not offered the consumers with a wide variety of food, their menu is rather restrictive. The consumers always prefer to dine in restaurants th at are hospitable, having friendly and competent employees. They also like where they are offered wide variety of food and the service prompt. There is also the decline on the number of people that dine in hotels, the level of satisfaction has declined thereby customers rarely recommend the restaurant to others. The business spent less in marketing the company through advertisement in 2007, there was also a decline in the public relations. This can be attributed to low sales realised in the 2007 financial year (Hair et al, 2008). The data on the SPSS shows that there were more female heavy users than male and higher percentage of male light users than female. The percentage on usage indicated that Deli deport attracted more heavy users than light users this might be attributed to the food prices. Deli deport need to strategise on how to get hold of the light users by offering variety of food and making good use of advertisement. In the issue of area coverage the deport has attracted only those within its locality i.e. those living at close range, this is contrary to previous years when it received customers from further distances most of which were female (Hair et al, 2008) . Majority of the customers spend averagely $10 to $20 most of them being female. This shows that Deli depot attracted mostly the middle class earners. Higher percentage of people that drive to the deport come from within 1 km range and most spend averagely $10 to $ 20. The number of friendly employees within the depot is moderate tending to attract averagely, excel data X1. The number frequenting the deport due to prices is on the decline as shown by excel data X2. The high number of competent employees has also boosted the depot’s validity Excel data X3. Majority prefers wide variety of food and fast service X5 and X6.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategies and Recommendations Deli depot lacks some theoretical and practical framework that can enable them to check and study the relationship existing between the structure of the behaviour of the employees and its ability to attract constituent support (Hair et al, 2008). The research has shown that most people rely on the reputation of business organizations when making decisions on who to purchase from and sometimes where to seek employment (Jones et al, 2000). By looking at this the depot can improve on its ability to attract and retain customers. The Marketing officer can rely on corporate reputation in times of decision making in the areas such as purchases of products, recruiting employees and deciding on the business operations in different towns and shopping centres. Corporate reputation also influences the ability of a company to attract and retain consumers (Yoon et al, 1993; Fombrun and Shanley, 1990). The depot generated a lot from its new outlet during the first da ys of launching because of the publicity it was accorded. This clearly indicated that business organizations can only manage their good name by investing a lot in individual images through advertisements in the media and information intermediaries (Balmer and Gary, 1999: Ruth and York, 2004). This will help in availing the identity of the business to the public. The individual experiences should also be given a priority and the public relation department allocated more funds (Alessandri, 2001; Cornelissen, 2000). The marketing research is always open to bias arising from statistical analysis and many other sources. The errors related to statistical analysis are realised from the failure to use appropriate statistical methods. This ranges fro the failure to adjust for confounding variables, or failure to appreciate the assumption of normality and equality of variance underlying the parametric significance tests. To avoid the bias, the market researcher must first of all try to unders tand the research problem from the perspective of the consumers. This is so as to avoid the lack of sensitivity and the understanding that may arise from the consumers cultural behaviours. The other measure that the business can take is to hire researchers from different cultural back ground so that the different facets of the research problem can be well handled (Hair et al, 2008). The business also needs to include rigorous study design and hence employ various techniques especially in the quantitative research. The observers need to be recognized as research instruments and the information obtained should be considered tentative till corroboration by information collected through other means possible (Hair et al, 2008). The restaurant also needs to evaluate the research on the basis of economic condition. The researcher should evaluate the restaurants in terms of the region where they are situated. This will give the researcher a good sample to work with. Other factors such as ma rket potential index, population, inflation, unemployment rate social class should be considered when deriving the questionnaires. The cultural factors must also be considered for this will give the business the know how on particular dishes preferred in a particular area. This may include the people’s attitude, differences in lifestyle, religion, language, literacy, values, gender roles and role of family. There is the need to improve on the brand name, that is to say include data on both local and foreign consumers consuming their dishes so as to give an impression that their food is of international quality. The marketing manager is therefore under obligation to ascertain the consumer segment and the food offered in order to produce a preferable strategy that would convey their brand name effectively to the targeted market. A new brand positioning strategy should be designed to enable the marketing manager strengthen their brand’s equity in the market competition. A nother strategy that they can adopt is the use of the local consumer culture positioning (Hair et al, 2008). This helps in associating the brand name with the local cultural meaning reflecting their norms and identities. This depends on the locality and can well be used in the shopping centres. This also calls for need to understand the consumer evaluations of the brands. Market analysis need to be done on the target market first. This is especially in shopping centres before any new branch is launched. The information on the competitors, consumers and the kind of food stuff preferred should be obtained first. The techniques to be employed include; customer analysis, competitor analysis, risk analysis, product research, advertising research and e-mail survey. The use of the internet in the modern technology can easily make the restaurant to be in touch with its customers i.e. the use of face book. It easily generates more business from the already identified customers since no maili ng and printing costs are involved. It ensures instant delivery which save quite on time (Hair et al, 2008). Conclusion The current business organization behaviours based on reputation quotient may not as much indicate the attractiveness of a business to consumers when basically compared to the potential employees and consumers (Fombrum et al, 2000). The product or service branding has a lot of implications in the marketing of any business. Findings have shown that the consumers always are willing to pay higher prices for products that are from the highly reputable business organizations (Devine, 2001; Landon and Smit, 1997). The economic and the social performance of the company should be improved for this to be realised (Fombrun and Van riel, 1997; Kiriakidou and Millward, 2000; Vergin and Qoronfleh, 1998). The marketing research provided a very good link between the business and its future markets. The inclusion of the activities such as specifications, the gathering if data, ana lysis, and the interpretation of the information helps the management to understand better the market. It also helps in identifying the market problems and the opportunities arising which aids in the formulation of the courses of marketing action. A successful marketing research must be able to recognize the specific diversities in terms of culture, demographics, economy and other factors. References Alessandri, S. W. (2001).Modelling corporate identity: a concept application and theoretical explanation. Corporate communications: An international Journal, 6(4), 173-182 Balmer, J. and Wilson, A. (1999).Corporate identity and Corporate communications: creating competitive advantage. Corporate Communications: An international Journal, 4(4), 171-176. Cornelissen, J. (2000). Corporate image:an audience centred model.  Corporate communications. An international Journal, 5(2), 119 – 125 Devine, I. ().Implicit claims: The role of corporate reputation in value creation. Corporate Re putation Review, 4(1), Fombrum, C.J., and Van Riel, C. B.,(1997). The reputational landscape. Corporate Reputation Review, 1(1/2), 5-13 Fombrum, C. J., Gardberg, N. and Sever, J.M., (2000). The reputation quotient: A multi-stakeholder measure of corporate reputation. The Journal of Brand Management, 7(4), 241-255 Hair, J. F., Lukas, B.A., Miller, K.E., Bush. R.P., Ortinau, D.J. (2008). Marketing Research. North Ryde, NSW: McGraw-Hill. Jones,G.H.,Jones, B.H., and Little, P. (2000).Reputation as reservoir: Buffering against loss in times of economic crisis. Corporate Reputation Review, 3(1) Kiriakidou,O., and Millward, L.J. (2000).Corporate identity: Internal reality or external fit?  Corporate communications: An international Journal, 5(1), 49-58 Landon, S., and Smit, C.E.(1997). The use of quality and reputation indicators by consumers: The case of Bordeaux wine. Journal of Consumer Policy, 20(3), 289-323 Vergin, R. C., and Qoronfleh, M., (1998). Corporate reputation and stock ma rket. Business Horizons, 41(1), 19-36 Yoon, E., Guffey, H.J., and Kijewski, V. (1993).The effects of information and company reputation on intentions to buy business service. Journal of Business research, 27(3), 215-228

Why Soda Is Bad for Your Teeth

Why Soda Is Bad for Your Teeth Youve heard soda is bad for your teeth, but it is really true? If it is, why is it bad? Answer: Yes, soda damages your teeth. Drinking a carbonated beverage is actually one of the worst things you can do for your dental health. The reason is because the carbonation that makes soda bubbly also makes it extremely acidic. Many sodas also contain citric acid, which gives the drink a tangy flavor, but destroys teeth. Its a one-two punch with sweetened sodas, because the low pH attacks tooth enamel, while the sugar feeds bacteria that cause decay. Youre not off the hook drinking diet soda, because its mainly the acid in soda that harms teeth. How To Minimize Damage To Teeth From Soda The best way to minimize damage to your teeth from soda is to avoid drinking it. If you cant give it up, try to reduce how often you drink it and follow these tips: Avoid colas and regular orange soda. Regular, diet, or flavored cola is the most acidic. The one with the highest sugar content is regular orange soda. Consider testing a sweetened soda to see how much sugar it contains. The results may surprise you! Non-colas drinks are still terrible for your teeth because they contain higher levels of citric acid. The pH of these drinks may be higher, but citric acid binds to calcium and erodes enamel.Sip soda through a straw. Drinking through a straw minimizes the contact between teeth and the acidic drink.If you must drink soda, try to have it with food rather than by itself. Food helps regulate the pH inside your mouth, limiting the acid attack on teeth.Rinse your mouth with water after drinking soda. This will help neutralize the pH and reduce the level of sugar. Alternatively, eat a dairy food. Dairy products help remineralize tooth enamel. You could also chew on a crunchy vegetable or xylitol-containing gum. This helps clean teeth.Dont brush your teeth right after drinking a soda. It sounds like it would be a good idea, but it actually makes a bad situation worse because the mechanical action of the toothbrush erodes weakened enamel. Allow at least half an hour after drinking soda (or eating anything acidic, like citrus or sour candy) before grabbing the toothbrush. Switch to root beer. Genuine root beer contains natural carbonation, so it doesnt contain the same levels of destructive phosphoric acid or citric acid. You can test how bad soda is for your teeth. If you can get hold of teeth (they dont need to be human teeth), soak them in soda and watch how quickly the dissolve. An easier option is to soak chicken bones. Bones arent quite as hard as teeth, but are chemically similar. The acid strips calcium from teeth and bones. Bones are left rubbery because they contain a lot of collagen. Teeth dissolve almost completely.

Review of Chapter 6 Ecclesiology TheChurch as Communion and Mission Essay

Review of Chapter 6 Ecclesiology TheChurch as Communion and Mission - Essay Example If one draws a connection between this particular chapter and the course, one will be able to see that it might serve as a valuable source for it. Thus, the reading contains a broad perspective on the role of the Church in the contemporary social environment and shows the audience ways in which the modern technological progress many be harmonized with the eternal ideas that are promoted by the Church of Christ. In addition to that, the chapter in question contains valuable insights into the ways modern Christians should behave themselves and the manner in which they should promote their faith in order to be understood as well as accepted by other people. Other than broad recommendations it contains several practical recommendations that can be easily implemented by a person in one’s daily life. It may be particularly important to recall some of the major points that are brought up by the author in the course of the chapter. To begin with, it is suggested that Christians should not view their faith is something secluded and reserved for religious life only. In other words, going to Church or praying at home is not the only suitable way to manifest oneself as a Christian. This means that faith might be expressed through various small activities which are performed by a person on a daily basis. The author puts emphasis that the ideas which were crucial in the times of foundation of the Church have not lost their significance at the present day as well. The author uses different parts of the New Testament in order to prove that one of the main goals of Christians is to spread the word of God and make sure that every person who suffers from difficult conditions of life is relieved. The author provides the reader with quotes from Luke and John in order to prove the validity of h is words. The next major point that is being discussed in the chapter

The Financial Status Of The Firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Financial Status Of The Firm - Essay Example If a company enters in a factoring of receivables it must realize that the discount given to the buyer at the time of the sales constitutes the cost or interest rate being charged on the sale of the account receivables. If the customer defaults on the payment of the account receivable the company that loses are the buyer in the factoring agreement. There is a correlation between sales, cash, and account receivables. All sales end up being either cash or credit sales. A credit sale creates an account receivable for the company. The industry standard is that account receivables should convert to cash within 30 days. If it takes longer to collect the account receivable the cash flow of the company position of the company could be affected. Company A has to revise its credit sales policy. Delinquency in collecting account receivables could be one of the reasons the company is facing cash flow problems. The firm should either discontinue credit sales or change the credit policy to 15 days credit. The management team of the firm does not want to incur more debt. This eliminates the solution of issuing bonds which constitutes a long-term debt. I highly recommend the company apply for a credit line. A credit line does not constitute any debt if it is not used. This solution would provide the company with instant purchasing power in case the company reaches the cero cash point. It is important to remember that cero cash means that the company becomes insolvent and would have to shut down its operations.

The Strange Case of DR. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Analysis Essay Example for Free

The Strange Case of DR. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Analysis Essay There are some things that should be kept private The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is about a person who is a famous scientist that believes the idea of each person having two different personalities, this is what is shown in the story on how the two different personalities effects Dr. Jekyll and is loved one around him. The story was published in 1888, a crucial time in the British history when the Victorian had reigned over Britain. During the Victorian time, the British Empire was the largest empire in the world it was believed that the sun never set on the empire, as it covered nearly each continent. The story reflects the Victorian society where things were completely different compared to today, people had different living standards also reputation was an important factor because it was all about individual respect and people were recognised only if they had respect. Throughout the Victorian period, many scientists established their theories and one of the main theories was the theory of evolution, which was created by the famous naturalist Charles Darwin. He came up with an idea of humans possibly could have shared a common ancestor with chimpanzees. This theory increasingly spread, however was rejected as it came in conflict with the creation of Adam and Eve which is in the bible. This era was a turning point in the British history because inventions were being introduced, industrial revolution had begun and gothic horror was rapidly being believed. The story was popular when written at the time because there were all these ideas of evolution and gothic literature which were being believed quickly and therefore caught peoples interest. It is still popular today because it is still influencing films such as batman, Spiderman all films that have this idea of dual personalities. Mr Utterson is someone who is embarrassed in discourse also he is never lighted by a smile, the first quote suggests that he does not interact as much, his conversations are short and not flowing also the fact that he does not contribute to his conversation, moreover the second quote tells us that he has never smiled however, it gives us an impression that when he smiled he was lighted. There was something that eminently human beaconed from his eye: this quote explains that there was a change in personality of Utterson, because after he drank wine at his friendly meeting he opened himself. This gives us an impression that he purposely kept his facade in a serious way and shows that he is a man of trustworthy also a man who considers his job very austerely making him look devoted. Furthermore, Mr Enfield is described as a well-known man about town this tells us that he is very sociable and attends parties and therefore is popular, another thing this suggests is that he is very informative. The descriptions above suggest that both the characters have a good reputation and are able to socialise however both of them have different ways because Utterson is austere with himself whereas Enfield is more of a jolly guy and gets on with people more, also Utterson does not find it right to open himself to everyone and has his own way. This tell us that they both differentiate from each other and do not enjoy each other company as shown in the story when they go on their Sunday walks because they said nothing and looked singularly dull the writer says this to suggest because this represents that they both looked bored from each others company as there was nothing in common, they were lacking in something making them look uninterested also Mr Utterson was finding it difficult to express himself. I chose these quotations because it tells us how their personalities had an impact on their talks. The story was published in the Victorian time, when privacy was an essential aspect because people did not find it suitable to disclose things, as it would affect their respect and reputation. It was thought of as rude to disclose secrets because it would affect reputations of others as well of themselves because people would then think about them in a negative way and everyone in the society would neglect him, so therefore in those times it was fundamental to have a good reputation so the society does not think of you in a negative way also they had to be seen by their peers, in order to maintain their upper rights in their society and so that they can be viewed as honourable and believable. It was only possible to protect your reputation if you kept away from the gossips and secrets, for that reason it was vital to keep things private even if you came to know what it was all about. Whereas, compared to today people do not even tend to care whether you have respect or not, in this e ra reputation can be bought and sold. I think this period of time depends on money not reputation. Mr Utterson is described in contradictory ways so there can be a contrast between his appearance and personality also to be able to notify the fact, that what he is from outside is not from inside. Mr Utterson is described as a person who is lean, long, dusty and dreary yet somehow loveable this creates a contrast between his personality and tells us that he is uninteresting, whereas the quotation somehow loveable suggests that even though there is all this weird looks that he possesses, there is something within him that makes him a person that you could love. In this novella it is shown that Mr Utterson has this fake facade which prevents him from expressing himself. The quotes which show this are that though he enjoyed the theatre he had not crossed one for twenty years also he is described as being backward in sentiment, the quotes clarify that Utterson purposely has this facade because as we can see he likes the theatre but has not gone in one showing that he is controlling himself from being exposed to such things that would make him get carried away, the second quote signifies that he finds it difficult to express himself in front of others. The contradictions made in his description show that, what he is from outside is completely different to what he is from inside. In this novella there is a particular incident that took place, it was about a girl who was running as hard as she was able down a cross street, where then a man collided into her and trampled over her body calmly. People gained from the incident with the girl in different ways, this included bribery of the girls family and the protection of individual reputation. The evidence that shows the bribery is that we screwed him up to hundred pounds, this suggests the girls family had to keep it a secret because they wanted to receive the big amount, this benefited Mr Hyde because it saved his reputation also Hyde had to keep it a secret because he had more to lose and would cause a scandal. The quote signed with a name I cant mention tells us that Mr Enfield had to keep it a secret as it would affect his reputation because he knew who signed the signature also he would be associated with crime of someone of a lower class. The Doctor had to keep it a secret because he had witnessed bribery and needed to keep his reputation to maintain his upper right. All people benefited in one way or another as it all came down to reputation, because if there reputation was destroyed then they would be abandoned from the society. The novella has many symbolisms that have a deep relation with privacy and secrecy. On of the symbolism, is the locked door because the lock door is a key symbol to represent preventing things letting in or out, it is a symbol to warn the person not to reveal or unveil any secrets hidden within and is better for you if it is kept as a secret. The quote which shows this is that did you remark that door? then Enfield replies It is connected in my mind added he, with a very odd story, these quotes suggest that the door is a metaphor for secrecy and is kept as a barrier and is warning you do not enter otherwise it could affect you and that is why the door emphasis that there are some things that should be kept private. Another symbolism in the story is the key which Mr Hyde owns, the key is a allegory of Hydes personality, the quotations that refer to the key are the fellow had a key; whats more he still has it. I saw him use it not a week ago, these quotes infer to the fact that, there is something about the key that is connected to Hyde and there something waiting to be disclosed or opened which then links into the door as that acts as a portal to some sort of mystery, therefore the key is the way to go inside that door. Finally, the last symbolism in the story is the house which represents ownership and a place where things can be hidden this is because in the story, the appearance of this house criticised to a great extent compared to the rest of the London. The house is described with no windows, it was bore in every feature, schoolboys had tried his knife on the mouldings, on the other hand the rest of the London is described as being florid charms also there were rows of smiling saleswome n, there were freshly painted shutters. All the quotes mentioned show the comparison between the house and the rest of the London, the quotes indicate that the house represents a place that something can be hidden inside; also it is a place where you can store your secrets without worrying that they will be discovered, and the only way through it is the door and if someone enters it would affect their reputation and this was unlikely to happen because people were so concerned about their reputation that they would not be able to risk their reputation in order to find out what secrets lie within. Overall, the three symbolisms link to each other in one way or another and they all relate to privacy and secrecy moreover they all involve peoples reputation to be at risk. In my opinion the moral of the story is a message which informs you that, you should not disclose your secrets to anyone as it can involve the danger of your reputation to be spoilt, as shown in the story people in the Victorian era were interested in gossips and secrets, however they were forbidden from discovering them since the rules were much stricter and reputation was considered a significant factor because in that era they were people which were highly reputable and were more responsible, that is why they well thought-out that reputation is harder to earn than money and for that reason people were afraid to do anything that would affect their reputation as it would result into you being dumped out of the society. On the other hand, in this period people have made money as their power and believe that it is harder to gain money than reputation, as today there is no value for reputation because money has become everything; there is no such word as secret because no one cares about other people and therefore they wish to do what they want, without any restrictions. Secret has become a joke because media is moving so fast that people know things, that are happening that shouldnt be yet they still do not stop it. In my opinion freedom has increased so much that there is no limit, each person is worried about themselves, gossips have become an entertainment for people and therefore industries use this advantage to run their businesses. In this era money is reputation. Overall the strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a story which has many key features mainly related to privacy and reputation. In this essay I have discussed many key points that relate to secrecy and those are: symbolisms in the story that are a metaphor for secrecy, the incident with the girl and how people benefitted individually by keeping it a secret, the similarities and differences of Mr Utterson and Enfield and how they prevent themselves from being exposed, how secrecy and privacy affected reputation. All the key points and the moral of the story emphasises that there are some things that should be kept private and this is shown throughout the story because everything that happened in chapter 1 is all about keeping things hidden and also reflect how privacy and reputation was considered in the Victorian era. The popularity still remains as it has a moral which is a vital feature in everyones life also is now being introduced into films that have this idea of dual perso nalities.

Aquired Dyslexia :: essays research papers

DISCUSS SOME OF THE WAYS IN WHICH RESEARCH IN ADULT AQUIRED DYSLEXICS HAS ENHANCED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PEOPLE READ. The use of language is one of the most complex tasks the human brain must carry out. The way in which children acquire language is studied very carefully. This acquisition is enhanced by teaching from skilled language users, but in itself acquired by the child’s own observation and learning. For this reason the acquisition of spoken language is perhaps more well documented then the taught acquisition of reading skills. It is hard to determine how the human brain deals with the task of reading the written word. It can not be determined by introspection or studying the human brain in action as this is not possible. The way Psychologists and Neuroscientists have developed to determine hoe humans read is to observe people who have suffered some form of brain damage and have thereby incurred some form of reading disability. This disability is known as acquired dyslexia. From the study of such patients several variations of a basic model have been developed to highlight the way in which the written word is processed in the brain. The model is subdivided in to two main processing routes, the Non Lexical Route and the Lexical route. A model produced based on theories from Coltheart (1981) shows that there are several routes to speech production in the brain. The eye first identifies the printed word. In the adult skilled reader the eye does not move in a smooth pattern but actually jumps to certain focus points in a sentence the brain itself actually fills in the missing words. It does this by top down processing in which the brain applies words to the sentence to make the overall meaning correct. The eye does not move smoothly but actually jumps from point to point. The term given to the period when the eye is stationary and focused on a particular point is called a fixation. It is at these fixations when the eye takes up the information. The jumping movements are known as saccades. Javal (1887) first used this term. This jumping in saccades allows information to be processed faster. However it is believed that little or no information is taken up during a saccade. This is known as saccadic suppression. Dodge ( 1900) and Holt (1903). In addition to this saccadic motion it has been discovered that in readers of English the perceptual span of the visual field is greater to the right of the fixation point. Aquired Dyslexia :: essays research papers DISCUSS SOME OF THE WAYS IN WHICH RESEARCH IN ADULT AQUIRED DYSLEXICS HAS ENHANCED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PEOPLE READ. The use of language is one of the most complex tasks the human brain must carry out. The way in which children acquire language is studied very carefully. This acquisition is enhanced by teaching from skilled language users, but in itself acquired by the child’s own observation and learning. For this reason the acquisition of spoken language is perhaps more well documented then the taught acquisition of reading skills. It is hard to determine how the human brain deals with the task of reading the written word. It can not be determined by introspection or studying the human brain in action as this is not possible. The way Psychologists and Neuroscientists have developed to determine hoe humans read is to observe people who have suffered some form of brain damage and have thereby incurred some form of reading disability. This disability is known as acquired dyslexia. From the study of such patients several variations of a basic model have been developed to highlight the way in which the written word is processed in the brain. The model is subdivided in to two main processing routes, the Non Lexical Route and the Lexical route. A model produced based on theories from Coltheart (1981) shows that there are several routes to speech production in the brain. The eye first identifies the printed word. In the adult skilled reader the eye does not move in a smooth pattern but actually jumps to certain focus points in a sentence the brain itself actually fills in the missing words. It does this by top down processing in which the brain applies words to the sentence to make the overall meaning correct. The eye does not move smoothly but actually jumps from point to point. The term given to the period when the eye is stationary and focused on a particular point is called a fixation. It is at these fixations when the eye takes up the information. The jumping movements are known as saccades. Javal (1887) first used this term. This jumping in saccades allows information to be processed faster. However it is believed that little or no information is taken up during a saccade. This is known as saccadic suppression. Dodge ( 1900) and Holt (1903). In addition to this saccadic motion it has been discovered that in readers of English the perceptual span of the visual field is greater to the right of the fixation point.

How Many Miles to Babylon?

â€Å"How many miles to Babylon? † Alec Moore – Narrator Frederick Moore – Father to Alec Mrs. Moore – Mother to Alec Jerry Crowe – Friend to Alec Mrs. Crowe – Mother to Jerry Major Glendinning – Commending Officer to Jerry and Alec in the army. General Points –  § Main Theme: Love vs. Hatred  § Reflects different stages of Narrator Development – There’s a continuous stream of consciousness, no chapters  § Ireland  § France  § Love – of country – passionless love of duty – of power and wealth – narcisstic love (love of self) Theme and Issues:Setting the Scene –  § Alec Narrates his tale of a loveless child, leaving him emotionless and scarred cruel mother, manipulative and hateful  § He was always goaded by his â€Å"beautiful mother†  § Mrs. Moore’s beauty contrasted to her vindictive personality. She’s swift and dismissive (passionless)  § Home with no affefction â€Å"The dining room in the daytime was unwelcoming† Relationship with his mother –  § Described through an experience when he seen his mother feeding the swans, thinking she was another woman for a split second, and felt love for her.This shows us that he doesn’t know his mother that well, mistaking her for another person but also that he only feels love for her when she is perceived as someone else. Compared to Christy’s love with his mother in â€Å"My left foot† – he has a continuous plutonic love for her.  § Mrs. Moore’s human relationships are meaning less and without power.  § She feels she is not capable of love as they are never aloud the freedom to experience it themselves.  § She has been taught only the proper etiquette of the wealthy at the experience of wealthy needs.The mother is jealous of Alec’s father and their relationship.  § She is again jealous of Alec’s developing relationships, such with Jerry, but also is worried what other people may think of a higher class boy, being friends with a lower class boy. Therefore, she wants to destroy it.  § She removes Alec from school, just so she won’t be left alone in the day. This is also a way for her to get to her husband, showing him that her and Alec also have a relationship, although it is fake. Relationship with Father – Alec feels real affection for his father, shown in his willingly attitude to spend time with him by the fire. He loves him within the bounds of duty and sensitivity.  § He leaves his father with loosing his only love in the family, when joining the army â€Å"heart rendering† when he leaves.  § They don’t display their love or intensity of feelings for one another, but it is evident e. g. when he accepts money as a â€Å"gesture of love†  § His golden watch is given to Alec – Metaphorically represented as the beating of his heart. I t will – â€Å"protect him from danger†Image of Women as hateful figures –  § The mother sees Alec’s decision to join the army as a personal triumph. She doesn’t have worries about the probable loss of her son’s life at war, but instead begins to enjoy the sympathy of her peers that she will receive from having her son at war.  § Jerry and Alec ridicule their â€Å"hypocritical mothers† as a display of grief as they go to war  § Alec makes fun of his mother for her intensity towards him, showing us that he doesn’t take her seriously. War as an image of hatred –  § The topic of war, adds a sense of horror The combination depicts a metaphorical journey for these characters from a debased nation of love in Alec to the trenches.  § The trenches are described as a physical representation of humankind without the power of love. It depicts the true meaning of evil and hate in contrast to love. Major Glendinning â€⠀œ  § He never shows remorse – he shows precision and dispassion by the murder of â€Å"Gloucester’s Regiment†  § This illustrates the breakdown of the inherent moral code in humanity  § When Alec requests leave for Jerry he shows compassion Paradoxical Aspect – to Jerry Crowe’s character.Contrary to loving nature Jerry Crowe –  § He abides by his sense of filial duty (wanting to find his father)  § His character brings out the true Alec Moore, makes him find himself.  § The reunion of Jerry and Alec at the finality of the novel is moving  § When Jerry is found, he is put into a detention camp, and declares he loves his country than his King. It is love that is the death of Jerry Crowe.  § When Alec pulls the trigger, it is none of murder, but saving his friend from a brutal death.  § After the death of Jerry, Alec finds no love in his life. He withdraws from life after his death.Cultural Context : – the world in whi ch the novel is set  § Set in Ireland and focuses on the political conflict around the time of the nationalist movement and the First World War.  § Also conflicts between the upper and lower class in Ireland (classification)  § Alec Moore draws the reader into the story of his life by focusing on the rituals of his parents’ lives, his early childhood, education and his friendship with Jerry Crowe – all the ways that he sees his own life.  § The main way we see the cultural differences in Jerry and Alec is through their language and colloquialisms. Alec’s wealth is illustrated through his life setting – â€Å".. a high curtained window in which I could see as I went up the reflection of walls, the pictures, the polished banisters, the three altered heads, the crossed pikes, and a pair of beautifully chased silver swords† Alec’s Experience in childhood –  § His portrayal of his early childhood is harrowing. Mrs. Moore’s try to destroy the natural instincts of childhood are evident from her refusal to allow Alec to go to school, her interference in his friendship with Jerry and her dismissal of his piano teacher. Her interference is the source of Alec’s shyness and isolation.  § His relationship is distorted as his mother uses him as a means of avoiding direct contact with her husband – who neglects the important aspects of his development as he is a moral coward who has been bullied by his wife.  § Alec is used like a pawn by his mother to undermines her husband’s authority: â€Å" You never speak without authority.. you never sound as if you knew what you were talking about. You have always been an ineffective man† pg. 30 Mrs. Moore as an image of upper class – We are shown this through Alec’s narrative that she is a cruel and peevish mother  § Her maternal instincts are over-shadowed by her selfishness  § Her physical beauty is juxtaposed with he r deformed nature.  § Johnston uses her to reflect the negative aspect of upper class society.  § Her desire to be regarded as a woman of culture and breeding is illustrated by her refined eating and drinking, her piano playing and her dress code. Mr. Moore as a Father figure –  § He has more of a relationship with Alec then the mother, shown by his scepticism about Jerry and Alec’s friendship. The Father is weak, his example of adult behaviour is confusing for his children.  § He can not be considered as a role model for Alec because of his flaws. The Friendship of Alec and Jerry –  § Alec’s childhood salvation comes from Jerry Crowe, he would have been very lonely without him, and wouldn’t have experienced his rejuvenation of childhood without him  § Ironically, Jerry’s childhood was one of a bad experience, similar to Alec’s – may have been what makes their friendship so solid. It is Jerry’s boisterous cha racter that carries Alec through his awful home life  § His humour and attitude, allows Alec to manifest a reasonable perspective about his own future and society  § Their conversations are subtle reflections of the time in which they live â€Å"The German’s are going to fix all those eejits in Europe, The British are going to fix the Germans, and we†¦we are going to fix the British†  § The strength of their friendship survives the corrosion of class consciousness  § Proven by Alec’s constant support of Jerry, especially in the army.Alec’s Education –  § He lacks the encouragement needed from his parents, particularly from his mother to spur him to academic success.  § His mother is a crucial part in teaching him the piano, since dismissing Mr. Cave, although she does not keep her promise.  § She deprives him from going away to school as she cannot bear being left alone with his father. The Irish Nationalist Cause –  § J erry’s recruitment to the army, is only for him to learn how to handle ammunition for the nationalist cause in Ireland, not for the desire to protect the English. The illustrates the nature of Irish society in the early part of the twentieth century where a small number of nationalists wanted to recreate a culture which was severly curtailed since the penal period.  § The paralleling of the nationalist movement in Ireland with the First World War illustrates two examples of the degeneration of society in violence. Portrayal of Women –  § It is unflattering and prejudicial  § The author illustrates the lack of maternal nurturing which indicates the dysfunctional nature of society. Mrs Moore and Mrs Crowe deprive their sons of love, care and happiness – making decisions that are contrary to the moral well being of their sons.  § They both represent each end of society and class, yet both have the same role as mothers. Portrayal of Men –  § A portr ayal of disconcert  § Alec’s introduction is apathetic and amoral who rejects the solace of religion  § Alec and Jerry are most admirable in their childhood, and they earn the readers respect through their loyalty to one another. The ambiguous ending of the novel suspends their credibility as full rounded characters and infers their symbolic function in the story.  § The other men are not symbolic as heroic figures (Major Glendinning, Jerry’s father, Mr. Moore) Instead, they are portrayed as ineffectual men enwrapped by their social position or as hard hearted, condescending automations. Setting of the Novel –  § The setting is varied, begins with Alec’s detention in France, and reverts to his childhood in Co.Wicklow – moves between Dublin, Belfast, England and France.  § With each change of setting, the reader is brought deeper into the impending doom with awaits Alec and Jerry.  § The move from Ireland to France also propels the prota gonist from the domestic, political disharmony of his own country into the European fray so that the scale of the violence and cruelty of Alec’s early experiences is magnified beyond himself to thousands of other people. How Many Miles To Babylon The same cannot be said for How Many Miles to Babylon, which ends in a pessimistic and gloomy scene. Alec Moore is awaiting execution, as the novel comes full circle. He is given â€Å"a pen and paper† because he is an â€Å"officer and a gentleman†. He has nothing to do but wait. Alec refused to kill Jerry by firing squad, so in a sense, he asserted his own humanity in the face of war. However, this noble act is detrimental, as this act of compassion tragically costs him his life.Johnston’s outlook is in keeping with the sombre vision of the whole novel – dark, pessimistic and undeniably tragic. The central characters and key relationships within a text are extremely important to our understanding of the general vision and viewpoint. They allow us to see how the actions of another person can have a positive or negative impact on the life of the protagonist. The relationship between Alec and his mother Alicia in How Many Miles to Babylon is characterised b y a lack of communication and affection.Alicia uses Alec as an extension of her own ego. He is not appreciated as an individual with individual needs and desires. She only cares that he conforms to her expectations. There is no real warmth to their relationship – which is cold and stifling. As well as restricting Alec’s relationship with Jerry Crowe, Alicia overpowers his relationship with Frederick. Alec cannot do anything without the consideration of his mother.Their relationship is presented in a negative light and Johnston, in a sense, caricatures Alicia to reflect the dark and negative aspects of the upper class. Alicia has a desire to be regarded as a woman of culture and intelligence, which is evident through her piano playing and refined eating rituals, but her actions are a departure from normal maternal practices. Alec feels unloved and unappreciated. The mother-son relationship is so important in How Many Miles to Babylon because not only does it portray a d ark outlook on life, but is also a catalyst for the main plot.The general vision and viewpoint of a text expresses the author’s or director’s optimistic or pessimistic outlook on life. It also enables us to establish a greater understanding of the characters and allows us to empathise with them. The outlook can be either bright or dark, or indeed a combination of brightness and darkness and as we become more aware of this outlook as the plot develops, we can more effectively understand the situation of the protagonist within the narrative. How Many Miles to Babylon? â€Å"How many miles to Babylon? † Alec Moore – Narrator Frederick Moore – Father to Alec Mrs. Moore – Mother to Alec Jerry Crowe – Friend to Alec Mrs. Crowe – Mother to Jerry Major Glendinning – Commending Officer to Jerry and Alec in the army. General Points –  § Main Theme: Love vs. Hatred  § Reflects different stages of Narrator Development – There’s a continuous stream of consciousness, no chapters  § Ireland  § France  § Love – of country – passionless love of duty – of power and wealth – narcisstic love (love of self) Theme and Issues:Setting the Scene –  § Alec Narrates his tale of a loveless child, leaving him emotionless and scarred cruel mother, manipulative and hateful  § He was always goaded by his â€Å"beautiful mother†  § Mrs. Moore’s beauty contrasted to her vindictive personality. She’s swift and dismissive (passionless)  § Home with no affefction â€Å"The dining room in the daytime was unwelcoming† Relationship with his mother –  § Described through an experience when he seen his mother feeding the swans, thinking she was another woman for a split second, and felt love for her.This shows us that he doesn’t know his mother that well, mistaking her for another person but also that he only feels love for her when she is perceived as someone else. Compared to Christy’s love with his mother in â€Å"My left foot† – he has a continuous plutonic love for her.  § Mrs. Moore’s human relationships are meaning less and without power.  § She feels she is not capable of love as they are never aloud the freedom to experience it themselves.  § She has been taught only the proper etiquette of the wealthy at the experience of wealthy needs.The mother is jealous of Alec’s father and their relationship.  § She is again jealous of Alec’s developing relationships, such with Jerry, but also is worried what other people may think of a higher class boy, being friends with a lower class boy. Therefore, she wants to destroy it.  § She removes Alec from school, just so she won’t be left alone in the day. This is also a way for her to get to her husband, showing him that her and Alec also have a relationship, although it is fake. Relationship with Father – Alec feels real affection for his father, shown in his willingly attitude to spend time with him by the fire. He loves him within the bounds of duty and sensitivity.  § He leaves his father with loosing his only love in the family, when joining the army â€Å"heart rendering† when he leaves.  § They don’t display their love or intensity of feelings for one another, but it is evident e. g. when he accepts money as a â€Å"gesture of love†  § His golden watch is given to Alec – Metaphorically represented as the beating of his heart. I t will – â€Å"protect him from danger†Image of Women as hateful figures –  § The mother sees Alec’s decision to join the army as a personal triumph. She doesn’t have worries about the probable loss of her son’s life at war, but instead begins to enjoy the sympathy of her peers that she will receive from having her son at war.  § Jerry and Alec ridicule their â€Å"hypocritical mothers† as a display of grief as they go to war  § Alec makes fun of his mother for her intensity towards him, showing us that he doesn’t take her seriously. War as an image of hatred –  § The topic of war, adds a sense of horror The combination depicts a metaphorical journey for these characters from a debased nation of love in Alec to the trenches.  § The trenches are described as a physical representation of humankind without the power of love. It depicts the true meaning of evil and hate in contrast to love. Major Glendinning â€⠀œ  § He never shows remorse – he shows precision and dispassion by the murder of â€Å"Gloucester’s Regiment†  § This illustrates the breakdown of the inherent moral code in humanity  § When Alec requests leave for Jerry he shows compassion Paradoxical Aspect – to Jerry Crowe’s character.Contrary to loving nature Jerry Crowe –  § He abides by his sense of filial duty (wanting to find his father)  § His character brings out the true Alec Moore, makes him find himself.  § The reunion of Jerry and Alec at the finality of the novel is moving  § When Jerry is found, he is put into a detention camp, and declares he loves his country than his King. It is love that is the death of Jerry Crowe.  § When Alec pulls the trigger, it is none of murder, but saving his friend from a brutal death.  § After the death of Jerry, Alec finds no love in his life. He withdraws from life after his death.Cultural Context : – the world in whi ch the novel is set  § Set in Ireland and focuses on the political conflict around the time of the nationalist movement and the First World War.  § Also conflicts between the upper and lower class in Ireland (classification)  § Alec Moore draws the reader into the story of his life by focusing on the rituals of his parents’ lives, his early childhood, education and his friendship with Jerry Crowe – all the ways that he sees his own life.  § The main way we see the cultural differences in Jerry and Alec is through their language and colloquialisms. Alec’s wealth is illustrated through his life setting – â€Å".. a high curtained window in which I could see as I went up the reflection of walls, the pictures, the polished banisters, the three altered heads, the crossed pikes, and a pair of beautifully chased silver swords† Alec’s Experience in childhood –  § His portrayal of his early childhood is harrowing. Mrs. Moore’s try to destroy the natural instincts of childhood are evident from her refusal to allow Alec to go to school, her interference in his friendship with Jerry and her dismissal of his piano teacher. Her interference is the source of Alec’s shyness and isolation.  § His relationship is distorted as his mother uses him as a means of avoiding direct contact with her husband – who neglects the important aspects of his development as he is a moral coward who has been bullied by his wife.  § Alec is used like a pawn by his mother to undermines her husband’s authority: â€Å" You never speak without authority.. you never sound as if you knew what you were talking about. You have always been an ineffective man† pg. 30 Mrs. Moore as an image of upper class – We are shown this through Alec’s narrative that she is a cruel and peevish mother  § Her maternal instincts are over-shadowed by her selfishness  § Her physical beauty is juxtaposed with he r deformed nature.  § Johnston uses her to reflect the negative aspect of upper class society.  § Her desire to be regarded as a woman of culture and breeding is illustrated by her refined eating and drinking, her piano playing and her dress code. Mr. Moore as a Father figure –  § He has more of a relationship with Alec then the mother, shown by his scepticism about Jerry and Alec’s friendship. The Father is weak, his example of adult behaviour is confusing for his children.  § He can not be considered as a role model for Alec because of his flaws. The Friendship of Alec and Jerry –  § Alec’s childhood salvation comes from Jerry Crowe, he would have been very lonely without him, and wouldn’t have experienced his rejuvenation of childhood without him  § Ironically, Jerry’s childhood was one of a bad experience, similar to Alec’s – may have been what makes their friendship so solid. It is Jerry’s boisterous cha racter that carries Alec through his awful home life  § His humour and attitude, allows Alec to manifest a reasonable perspective about his own future and society  § Their conversations are subtle reflections of the time in which they live â€Å"The German’s are going to fix all those eejits in Europe, The British are going to fix the Germans, and we†¦we are going to fix the British†  § The strength of their friendship survives the corrosion of class consciousness  § Proven by Alec’s constant support of Jerry, especially in the army.Alec’s Education –  § He lacks the encouragement needed from his parents, particularly from his mother to spur him to academic success.  § His mother is a crucial part in teaching him the piano, since dismissing Mr. Cave, although she does not keep her promise.  § She deprives him from going away to school as she cannot bear being left alone with his father. The Irish Nationalist Cause –  § J erry’s recruitment to the army, is only for him to learn how to handle ammunition for the nationalist cause in Ireland, not for the desire to protect the English. The illustrates the nature of Irish society in the early part of the twentieth century where a small number of nationalists wanted to recreate a culture which was severly curtailed since the penal period.  § The paralleling of the nationalist movement in Ireland with the First World War illustrates two examples of the degeneration of society in violence. Portrayal of Women –  § It is unflattering and prejudicial  § The author illustrates the lack of maternal nurturing which indicates the dysfunctional nature of society. Mrs Moore and Mrs Crowe deprive their sons of love, care and happiness – making decisions that are contrary to the moral well being of their sons.  § They both represent each end of society and class, yet both have the same role as mothers. Portrayal of Men –  § A portr ayal of disconcert  § Alec’s introduction is apathetic and amoral who rejects the solace of religion  § Alec and Jerry are most admirable in their childhood, and they earn the readers respect through their loyalty to one another. The ambiguous ending of the novel suspends their credibility as full rounded characters and infers their symbolic function in the story.  § The other men are not symbolic as heroic figures (Major Glendinning, Jerry’s father, Mr. Moore) Instead, they are portrayed as ineffectual men enwrapped by their social position or as hard hearted, condescending automations. Setting of the Novel –  § The setting is varied, begins with Alec’s detention in France, and reverts to his childhood in Co.Wicklow – moves between Dublin, Belfast, England and France.  § With each change of setting, the reader is brought deeper into the impending doom with awaits Alec and Jerry.  § The move from Ireland to France also propels the prota gonist from the domestic, political disharmony of his own country into the European fray so that the scale of the violence and cruelty of Alec’s early experiences is magnified beyond himself to thousands of other people.

Nuclear-powered submarines

The war which the world feared upon never happened, the Cold War. United States of America and the Soviets are preparing for this battle as who among these super powers will really dominate the world. As a means of preparation they are to dominate the seas, especially the under sea navigational fleet, the Submarines.American leaders as a means of preparing for battle put their trust and confidence in their submarine force. Empowered by their own power plants these nuclear submarines are to dominate the seas with unbelievable sophistication and with weapons of incredible destructive power.The idea of submarine came from the Germans who were the ones who pioneered in the creation of the vessel during World War II (Weir, 1998). The US Navy has envisioned that submarines of the future would go deeper and move much faster. Thus as the years passed, the nuclear submarine was created.Under the US military force, the main mission of the first known SSBNs or â€Å"Ship Submersible Ballistic Nuclear† was for the prevention of war to happen. They are to be deployed to strategic sites for them to guard and thus to prevent war   (Weir, 1998). Because of their relentless power, as the nuclear is used to propel them, they have the capability to submerge and circumnavigate the world with fewer expenses. They can submerge for number of days to avoid detection and can easily guard strategic sites as their main mission. They are considered as the guardians of a possible nuclear war.According to David Munns in his book, the greatest advantage so that submarines, armed with ballistic missiles, can release its relentless power is that they have to be close to the shore. This idea was the main basis for the development of the undersea military force of both United States and the Soviet Union. Throughout the 45-year Cold War both countries developed submarines, especially nuclear powered, to gain intelligence or for espionage, due to its stealth power, and to attack and destr oy any possible enemy surface ships. Its powerful ballistic missiles have the ability to attack ground or land based targets. Both countries develop such powerful undersea fleet and were considered as the most potent nuclear threat for both of them. (Munns, 2004)The main idea was that to counter this powerful surface warships and nuclear propelled missile cruisers and aircraft carries they have to develop more powerful underground fleet (Munns, 2004). With the development of the nuclear power, the first ship that was ever built by the Americans that went to sea is the USS Nautilus. It went to sea on January of 1955. It is propelled by pressurized-water nuclear reactor plant. This firs submarine built by the Americans sets the new standard for submarines (Huchtausen, 2002).The Russians on the other hand, built their first submarine which went to sea on a much later date. The K-3 or also known as Leninsky Komosol, it is a part of the November class of attack submarines only went to se a only on 1958. This submarine was the first Soviet sub who have reached the North pole, only in 1962, which the United States first sub USS Nautilus have already done four years earlier. The November class submrines however had serious problems one example was the accident happened in 1968 of its K-27 due to a radioactive gas lead which killed 9 people (Huchthausen, 2002).The next Class of submarines that was built by the Americans was the Skipjack Class Submarines. Built in 1959, this attack submarine was the first to combine nuclear power which has extraordinary speed. This is more hydronamic which has a new teardrop hull design. All other US submarines that was created was based on this design. The known accident that happened for this class of submarine was on May 21, 1968 when the USS Skipjack Scorpion was lost in the sea and was nowhere to be found even due to extensive military search. All the 99 people aboard the submarine also lost their lives (Compton-Hall, 1999).The Sovi et built the Hotel-class submarines on 1960. This is the first Soviet Nuclear subs which carries with it ballistic missiles. The design of the November Class is much similar to that of the November class, but with much larger compartment to accommodate the ballistic missiles (Compton-Hall, 1999). On the same year the Skipjack Class was created, the US Military built the USS George Washington Class. Built and deployed on 1959, this submarine was the first Nuclear Ballistic missile submarine which was created. The main idea for this ballistic missile submarines was that it would attack land-based targets with its nuclear weapons. They are to be deployed near shore targets so that their long range missiles can easily hit their targets.The Soviets then build the Victor Class submarines in 1967. Their design was to attack enemy submarines and to protect surface ships of the Soviets. The new teardrop hull enabled the Victor Class to attain higher speed. The Soviets however abandoned the c onstruction of the second Victor submarine design after learning through spy information that the NATO forces could easily track them (Compton-Hall, 1999). Due to this, the Soviets created the Victor III submarine.The Americans on 1961 built the Thresher Class attack submarines. This submarine is much stronger, much faster, and can dive much deeper. It is also designed to be quieter than the Skipjack Class, the materials used in this class have more streaming improvements. The name was however changed from Thresher Class to Permit Class when the submarine Thresher sank in New England in 1963 killing all 129 crew (Huchtausen, 2002).In 1967, the Soviets created the Yankee Class submarines. This is the first Submarine that has the same firepower as that of the US submarines. This is much quieter than the Hotel Class due to a new hull shape, a new propeller design, and exterior sound-deadening coatings which is much harder to track. Several modifications were also made on this class, wi th its big design it was enabled to carry miniature submarines.On 1976, the Americans built and deployed the Los Angeles class. This class had 62 vessels built and is considered as the world’s largest nuclear-propelled submarine. This class was designed to primarily protect carriers and other enemy submarine. The purpose of this submarine was the same as that of the Soviet’s Victor Class. This submarine however was much more powerful than the Victor class because of its capability to do other special missions such as deployment of Special Forces on the ground and attacking larger targets. The Los Angeles class was also improved for better ice operations on the North and South Pole (Compton-Hall, 1999).The next class built by the Soviet and one of the last Class is the Typhoon class submarine. During its time, in 1981, it was considered as the world’s largest attack submarine. This improved design which is much quieter compared to its size. This submarine is also more maneuverable even if it is huge. The design of this submarine is much more complicated due to the existence of two pressure hulls which is parallel with each other and a third hull which is on top of them. This design increases its width and had simplified internal arrangements. Being part of a cooperative arms reduction program of the former Soviet states, six of the Typhoon class was dismantled in 2003 (Compton-Hall, 1999).The Ohio-class submarine is the last among the long line of designs of the ballistic-missile submarine fleet of US.   It replaced the old 1960s version and was larger and more capable than its precedents.   These subs can carry more and longer-range weapons, operate more quietly, and dive deeper (Compton-Hall, 1999).   Russia, on the other hand, designed the contemporary of Ohio, the Oscar submarines.   These are Russia’s largest and most advanced and are still active submarines.   Designed to attack U.S. aircraft carrier battle groups, it carries three times as many antiship cruise missiles than its predecessors (Compton-Hall, 1999).Norman Polmar and K.J. Moore, were two naval officials under the US Armed Forces who were interviewed by Munns in his book. They said that â€Å"the United States and the Soviet Union put to sea a combined total of 936 submarines, of which 401 were nuclear propelled,† during the whole Cold war from 1945-1991 (Munns, 2004). The Soviet Union was the one who is aggressive in the development of submarines. This development still continues until after the 1970’s where research and effort to make the vessels more powerful were developed.From the mid-1940s until early 1990s, Cold War was a period of conflict and competition between two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union.   It was also a period of great technological advancements in the military with no less than the development of nuclear submarines.   Faster, quieter and deadlier weapons were developed. It wa s also this same period which placed the entire world on edge. And knowing the potentials of these weapons, the war that never happened also brought unparalleled relief to mankind.WORKS CITED:Compton-Hall, Richard. The Submarine Pioneers. Sutton Publishing, 1999.Huchthausen, Peter. K-19: The Widowmaker—The Secret Story of the Soviet Nuclear Submarine. National Geographic Books, 2002.Munns, David W. Sea Power. May 2004. Retrieved at http://findarticles.com/?noadc=1Polmar, Norman and Moore,K.J. COLD WAR SUBMARINES: The Design and Construction of U.S. and Soviet Submarines.   Dulles, Va.: Brassey's, March 2004. 336 pp.Weir, Gary E. Deep Ocean, Cold War. Washington: Brassey’s, 1998.Evolution of Subs: U.S. and Soviet Submarine Milestones of the Cold War. National Geographic. ; http://www.nationalgeographic.com/k19/evolution_main.html;;http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/usw/issue_7/deepocean.htm;

How Will Work Differ in the Future †Scholarship Essay

How Will Work Differ in the Future – Scholarship Essay Free Online Research Papers 40 years from now you will be nearing retirement. How do you think the world of work will have changed in that time? Consider the role of technology, the length of the work weeks and holidays, the role of women and minorities, the type of work sectors, working from home, retirement age, company structure Nowadays, the world of work is changing a lot, because of the development of technology, that is why it is very hard to envisage the way this world will evolve, especially in forty years. However, if I had to guess, I would say that technology will be present in every branches of industry, every kind of work could be taken on by robots; and unfortunately, the rate of unemployment will bigger than ever in the world (in spite of the entrance of China on the first role of the world economy), especially for women and minorities resulting from the southern hemisphere. You wouldn’t need to go to a special place to work, because the only jobs remainings would be in research to elaborate new robots more powerfull, and company would’nt need offices because of the work dematerialization; so everybody could work from home, and many people will develop a new disease called â€Å"web addiction†. As people can’t work, the population will become poorer and the cost of living will increase, so people would have to work seven days a week to pay their rents, and nobody could find the time to go on holidays. The retirement age would go up whithout stopping, as the population is getting older, and finally many concept like holidays or retirement or even week-end would become Utopias. Research Papers on How Will Work Differ in the Future - Scholarship EssayTwilight of the UAWBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraResearch Process Part OnePETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Dissertation Writers

Dissertation Writers Dissertation Writers Planning Tips for Dissertation Writers You have been working hard for some months already, but now you feel that you have to rush through your dissertation because you are extremely short of time? Unfortunately, this situation is familiar to many dissertation writers. The reasons for this misfortune can be numerous, but in many cases they have failed to write their dissertations on time because they did not plan their time in a proper way. When you have just chosen your topic, you may think that you have a lot of time ahead, and it is true. Keeping this idea in mind, many dissertation writers just lose the first very important weeks doing nothing. Even if you do not bumble along and start work, for example you begin gathering evidence for your dissertation, you can easily be trapped. Remember, time flows away very fast. And if you do not prepare a schedule of your dissertation work, even a rough one, then the consequences can be frustrating. If you do not allocate your time, you might devote too much time to some parts of your dissertation and leave others neglected. Well, if you understand the importance of planning, you can do it this way. Take a large sheet of paper and make a draft of your work schedule. Draw your university timetable, and do not forget to mention your social activities, part-time job etc. Then mark out some periods of time from one to two hours that can be devoted to your dissertation. Some hard-working dissertation writers work for hours without having rest, but it is not reasonable because after two hours work your brain will get tired and your work will not be effective. Moreover, planning your work keep in mind when you can work effectively. Can you work early in the morning or late at night? Preparing your table, write down your interim deadlines the way you see them. For example, note by what time you think your methodology should be prepared etc. When you your work schedule is ready, consult your supervisor, ask him whethe r he approves your plan. Many dissertation writers avoid consulting their supervisors, which is a very big mistake. You might have problems if you do not show your work to your supervisor, and it is not very wise to refuse the assistance of your tutor. Well, we are sure that if you make use of these tips, you will be one of those lucky dissertation writers who write their dissertations without problems.

On the 4th September 2014 the European Central Bank (ECB) cut its Essay

On the 4th September 2014 the European Central Bank (ECB) cut its benchmark interest rate to 0.05%. It will also launch an asset purchase programme, which will buy debt products from banks - Essay Example The policy allows the execution of its tenders in the form of variable tenants that are fixed by the euro system. Another key interest rate is that on the deposit faculty done to the banks that are used to make the deposits overnight with the euro system (Culbertson, 1968). Another key interest rate is the rate in the marginal lending faculty which offers them the credit to bank from the euro system Nonstandard measures are also used in the policy that arose after the financial crisis in 2008. The introduced the policies that are unprecedented in the nature and the magnitude with their main aim in the safeguarding the primary objectives that involves primary objectives in the stabilization of prices and also in the ensuring that the appropriate policies on the transmission mechanism of the money. The monetary brings about the definition of money as the stock of asserts that can be accepted in the making of transactions. The used of the money in the system is brought clearly as the medium that is used in the exchange of goods and services (Culbertson, 1968). Money is valued in the store of value of asserts ion the economy. The medium is a unit of account that makes the ability in the measure of values and prices. The functions of the money in the economy makes it to have policies that will control the supply in the economy. The control of the supply in the economy is done majorly through the central banks. In Europe the European central bank uses different policies in the regulation of the supply. The central bank in Europe reviewed the policies in 2013 and included different values in the policies in the MO there were different assets included which were the total stock and coins in the circulation and includes also the operational deposits of the banks that are held in the central bank. Another asset that is included in the policy is the MO with also the inclusion of deposits that are held residents at banks and also in the building societies

Individual Business proposal for electronic and communications Essay

Individual Business proposal for electronic and communications engineering - Essay Example Hospitals are busy places where people are on call all the time. Hospitals have a number of paging systems today which attempt to reach doctors and staff. These range from pagers, which are based on walkie-talkie and two-way communications technologies from the 1960’s, overhead sound signals, which use a public address system, and even lights which send a coded page to specific people or departments. In answering a page or a summons, a staff member must normally call a number or look at a short paging message; usually, the message is â€Å"call your paging service.† There are several problems with the current systems in place. First, it requires too much work on the part of the staff member. If he/she is in the midst of tending to a patient, she must stop and look at the pager, or go to a phone to follow up on the page. He or she must then talk with a dispatcher or listen to a message. The communication is one-way; if he/she has questions about the page, there is no way to get an immediate answer. Each staff member in a hospital needs to be able to communicate with everyone else in a way that does not interrupt their workflow. If a nurse is tending to a patient, for example, he/she must be able to talk to someone without having to step away from the bedside, or use one or two hands for communication. In addition, the person must be able to reach a ‘live’ person on the other end when something is needed, in order to request immediate information or action. The communications system must be transparent to the user, and take little or no training. It should be applicable throughout the institution, but also offsite. If, for example, a physician is visiting with a patient in his offices, and would like to enquire about the availability of a bed at a local hospital, he/she should be able to immediately contact the appropriate hospital staff